His contribution appears in the feature section titled “Machine Learning Transforms Asian Fintech”, which explores how artificial intelligence is reshaping financial services across the region. Jonathan shares his perspective on how strategic partnerships and genuine internal product culture are critical for successful fintech innovation, not just flashy tech pilots or surface-level change.

Highlighting successful examples like Maybank’s MAE app and Ryt Bank, he emphasises the importance of user-centred design and long-term thinking. He also discusses how AI-powered fintech platforms are expanding access to financial services, especially in underserved markets across Asia:

“AI-powered fintech presents the opportunity for transformation that can accelerate financial inclusion in regions where traditional banking models have struggled,” he explains.

His insights point to a future where AI is not only a technological disruptor but also a key driver of economic inclusion, financial resilience, and practical innovation.

[Read the 4EJournazine Q3 2025 Issue (PDF)]

14 August marks the 78th anniversary of Pakistan’s independence – a day of historical significance and national pride. For Pakistanis, it is more than a public holiday; it is a commemoration of the struggle for self-determination, the sacrifices of earlier generations, and the enduring principles of unity and sovereignty.

Historical Background

Pakistan came into being on 14 August 1947 following the end of British colonial rule in the Indian subcontinent. The British Parliament passed the Indian Independence Act, dividing the territory into two independent dominions: India and Pakistan. Pakistan was established as a homeland for Muslims of the subcontinent, while India became a secular state with a Hindu majority. Notably, Pakistan’s independence preceded India’s by one day.

Path to Independence

The movement for Pakistan gained momentum under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the All India Muslim League. The demand for a separate nation was formally set out in the Lahore Resolution of 1940, based on the argument that Muslims and Hindus represented distinct nations with different cultural, religious, and social identities.

Key milestones towards independence included:

• Persistent political negotiations, public mobilisation, and the sacrifices of countless individuals in pursuit of self-determination.
• The Lahore Resolution (1940) – calling for autonomous states for Muslims in the north-western and eastern regions of British India.
• The 1946 elections – in which the Muslim League won a significant mandate for its vision of a separate Muslim state.

Independence Day Traditions

Independence Day is marked by both official ceremonies and community celebrations. Key traditions include:

• A 31-gun salute in the federal capital and 21-gun salutes in provincial capitals at dawn.
• The hoisting of the national flag at the Presidential and Parliament buildings in Islamabad.
• Military and civilian parades, cultural performances, and exhibitions.
• Public spaces, streets, and homes decorated with the national colours, and special programmes broadcast on television, radio, and in print media.

Educational institutions and community groups also organise events, such as debates, plays, and musical performances, which focus on themes of national identity and unity.

Independence Day vs. Pakistan Day – Key Differences

While both are significant national observances, Independence Day on 14 August marks the country’s formal creation in 1947. Pakistan Day, observed on 23 March, commemorates the adoption of the Lahore Resolution in 1940, which laid the groundwork for the demand for a separate homeland.

A Day of Reflection and Aspiration

Pakistan’s Independence Day is both a remembrance of the past and a reaffirmation of the country’s aspirations for the future. It serves as a moment to honour the sacrifices of previous generations, recognise the achievements made since independence, and look ahead to a future defined by unity, resilience, and progress.

What is the Fringe Festival?

The Fringe Festival is the world’s largest arts festival, originating in 1947 when eight theatre groups turned up uninvited to the inaugural Edinburgh International Festival. Instead of being turned away, they performed on the “fringe” of the official festival, giving birth to what would become the Edinburgh Fringe Festival. Today, it’s a platform for artists to present their work without the need for an official invitation, making it a hub of creativity and innovation.

When does the Edinburgh Festival take place?

The Edinburgh Fringe Festival traditionally takes place in August, spanning almost the entire month. It’s a time when the city of Edinburgh comes alive with performances, street acts, and a palpable buzz of excitement in the air. This year, the festival starts on Friday 1st August until Monday 26th August.

Attendance and Number of Shows

The Edinburgh Fringe Festival is a massive event, drawing people from all over the world. The festival has seen an average of 2 million attendees in recent years. As for the number of shows, the festival boasts an impressive lineup of over 3,500 shows in more than 300 venues across the city. Placing an emphasis on Asian culture, many of these shows highlight the beauty, complexity and diversity of Asian art forms, ensuring attendees leave with a deeper appreciation and understanding of Asia’s rich cultural heritage.

Asian Events and Culture at the Fringe

Performers from around the world visit the Fringe Festival to exhibit their culture and arts. Over the years, there has been a growing influence and contribution of Asian artists to the global arts scene, but also a celebration of the diverse cultures, traditions, and histories of Asia.

From mesmerising Chinese opera performances and soul-stirring Indian classical dances to thought-provoking plays from Japan and vibrant Korean drumming shows, the festival is a feast for the senses. Attendees have the opportunity to immerse themselves in tales from ancient Asian folklore, witness contemporary interpretations of traditional art forms, and even participate in workshops that delve deep into the intricacies of Asian crafts and performing arts.

A Spotlight on Shows and Events From Asia

The Edinburgh Fringe Festival is not just a celebration of arts, but also a testament to the global community’s interconnectedness. By shining a spotlight on Asian events and culture, the festival reminds us of the power of art to transcend borders, break barriers, and bring people together.

Below, we have collated a list of 70+ Asian-related shows in the Fringe this year. Links to book into each show are included; alternatively, visit the Edinburgh Fringe website.

National Day celebrations are a vibrant mix of tradition and modernity, reflecting Singapore’s diverse culture and forward-looking spirit. The day is characterised by a series of events that include parades, fireworks, and performances, all designed to celebrate the nation’s achievements and inspire hope for the future. Through these festivities, Singaporeans express their unity and collective aspiration for a brighter tomorrow, reaffirming their commitment to the nation’s progress.

History of Singapore National Day

The history of Singapore’s National Day is deeply intertwined with the nation’s journey to independence. The origins of this significant day date back to 9th August 1965, when Singapore officially separated from Malaysia and became an independent and sovereign state. This historic moment was both a time of uncertainty and hope as the newly formed nation faced the daunting task of survival and progress on its own.

The separation from Malaysia was the culmination of a complex and turbulent relationship. After gaining self-governance in 1959 and joining the Federation of Malaysia in 1963, Singapore’s political and economic differences with the federal government in Kuala Lumpur quickly surfaced. These tensions, coupled with racial riots and other conflicts, led to Singapore’s expulsion from Malaysia.

Despite the challenges, Singapore’s first Prime Minister, Lee Kuan Yew, declared the nation’s independence with a solemn yet determined resolve. His iconic televised speech, where he tearfully announced Singapore’s separation from Malaysia, has since become a pivotal moment in the country’s history. This day marked the beginning of Singapore’s transformation from a vulnerable new state to a thriving global city-state.

Since then, 9th August has been celebrated annually as National Day, serving as a reminder of Singapore’s resilience and tenacity in the face of adversity. Over the years, the day has grown in significance, evolving from a modest celebration to a grand national event that reflects Singapore’s achievements and aspirations.

Significance of National Day in Singapore

Singapore’s National Day holds profound significance for its citizens, serving as a powerful symbol of the nation’s unity, resilience, and collective identity. This day is not only a celebration of independence but also a reflection of the country’s journey from a struggling nation to one of the most successful and vibrant economies in the world.

National Day is a time when Singaporeans from all walks of life come together to celebrate their shared history and achievements. The day fosters a strong sense of national pride, reminding citizens of the challenges their forefathers overcame to secure the nation’s sovereignty. It is a celebration of Singapore’s multicultural heritage, where diverse communities unite under a common flag and shared values.

Beyond the festivities, National Day serves as an opportunity for introspection. It encourages Singaporeans to reflect on the nation’s progress and the values that have guided its development—such as meritocracy, multiculturalism, and social cohesion. These reflections are vital as they reaffirm the principles that continue to drive the nation forward.

Moreover, National Day is a time to look towards the future, inspiring hope and confidence in the continued growth and success of Singapore. The themes and messages conveyed during the celebrations often emphasise the importance of unity, innovation, and resilience in shaping Singapore’s future. This forward-looking perspective ensures that National Day is not just about commemorating the past, but also about galvanising the nation to build a brighter and more prosperous tomorrow.

In essence, Singapore’s National Day is a celebration of both past achievements and future aspirations, playing a crucial role in strengthening national identity and solidarity among its people.

National Day Celebrations and Traditions

Singapore’s National Day is renowned for its vibrant and elaborate celebrations, which reflect the nation’s rich cultural diversity and collective spirit. Each year, the festivities are centred around the National Day Parade (NDP), a highly anticipated event that draws the attention of citizens across the island.

The National Day Parade is a spectacular showcase of Singapore’s heritage, achievements, and aspirations. Held at various iconic locations over the years, such as the Padang, Marina Bay, and the National Stadium, the parade features a grand display of military precision, cultural performances, and creative presentations. The event typically begins with a march-past by the Singapore Armed Forces, followed by performances that highlight the country’s multicultural fabric. The parade also includes symbolic segments, such as the National Flag flypast and the 21-gun salute, which evoke a deep sense of pride and patriotism.

One of the most cherished aspects of the National Day celebrations is the stunning fireworks display that lights up the Singapore skyline. This visual spectacle, often synchronised with music, is a highlight for many and can be viewed from various vantage points across the city, including Marina Bay, East Coast Park, and other waterfront locations.

In addition to the formal events, National Day is marked by community celebrations throughout the island. Many neighbourhoods organise block parties, carnivals, and other communal activities, allowing residents to come together and celebrate in a more intimate setting. These gatherings often feature traditional games, food stalls, and performances, fostering a strong sense of community spirit.

The role of the public in the National Day celebrations is significant. Citizens are encouraged to participate actively, whether by attending the parade, displaying the national flag at their homes, or wearing the colours of the Singapore flag—red and white. The widespread participation across the country underscores the collective pride Singaporeans feel for their nation.

Iconic Symbols and Themes

Singapore’s National Day is rich with symbols and themes that resonate deeply with the nation’s history and identity. These elements play a crucial role in fostering a sense of unity and pride among Singaporeans, reminding them of the values and aspirations that have guided the country since its independence.

One of the most iconic symbols associated with National Day is the Singapore flag. The flag, with its bold red and white colours, is a powerful representation of Singapore’s national identity. The red symbolises universal brotherhood and equality, while the white represents purity and virtue. The crescent moon and five stars on the flag stand for a young nation on the rise and the ideals of democracy, peace, progress, justice, and equality. During National Day, the flag is prominently displayed across the country, from homes to public buildings, serving as a visual reminder of the nation’s unity and shared purpose.

Another significant symbol is the National Day Parade (NDP) theme song. Each year, a new song is composed that encapsulates the spirit and mood of the nation at that moment. These songs, often performed by popular local artists, have become an integral part of the celebrations, with some becoming timeless classics that continue to be cherished by Singaporeans. The lyrics of these songs often reflect themes of resilience, hope, and national pride, resonating with the collective experience of the people.

Themes and slogans also play a pivotal role in shaping the narrative of each National Day. Every year, the organisers select a theme that reflects the aspirations and challenges facing the nation. These themes are carefully crafted to inspire and unite the people, emphasising values such as harmony, progress, and resilience. The chosen theme often becomes the central message of the celebrations, guiding the design of the parade, performances, and other related activities.

Additionally, the Singaporean lion symbol, derived from the nation’s name (“Singa” means lion), is another powerful emblem of courage and strength. The Merlion, a mythical creature with the head of a lion and the body of a fish, also serves as a national symbol, embodying Singapore’s historical ties to the sea and its strength as a nation.

These symbols and themes collectively contribute to the sense of national identity and pride that National Day evokes. They serve as reminders of Singapore’s journey as a nation, the values that underpin its success, and the collective vision for its future. Through these iconic elements, Singaporeans are able to connect with their history, celebrate their achievements, and look forward to the future with optimism and confidence.

How to Celebrate Singapore National Day

Celebrating Singapore National Day is a vibrant affair that offers a multitude of ways for both locals and visitors to partake in the festivities. Whether you’re keen on experiencing the grandeur of the National Day Parade or prefer to celebrate in a more personal setting, there are plenty of options to ensure you enjoy the day to its fullest.

Attend the National Day Parade (NDP):

The National Day Parade is the focal point of the celebrations and attending it is a unique experience. If you’re fortunate enough to secure tickets, you’ll witness an impressive display of military precision, cultural performances, and artistic presentations that highlight Singapore’s journey and aspirations. The parade typically culminates in a breathtaking fireworks display that lights up the night sky, making it a memorable event for all attendees.

Enjoy the Fireworks from Iconic Locations:

For those who may not attend the parade in person, several locations across Singapore offer excellent views of the fireworks. Popular spots include Marina Bay, the Esplanade, and East Coast Park, where crowds gather to enjoy the dazzling spectacle. Arrive early to secure a good spot and bring along a picnic to make the experience even more enjoyable.

Participate in Community Celebrations:

National Day is also celebrated at the community level, with many neighbourhoods hosting their own events. These gatherings often include traditional games, performances, and food stalls, creating a festive atmosphere that brings residents together. Participating in these local events is a great way to experience the communal spirit of National Day and engage with fellow Singaporeans in a more intimate setting.

Display the Singapore Flag:

A simple yet meaningful way to celebrate is by displaying the Singapore flag at your home or workplace. Many Singaporeans take pride in adorning their balconies, windows, and cars with the national flag, symbolising their patriotism and solidarity. Wearing the national colours—red and white—is another popular way to show your support and pride for the nation.

Explore Virtual Celebrations:

In recent years, virtual celebrations have become increasingly popular, particularly in light of global events that have restricted large gatherings. The Singapore government and various organisations host online events, allowing citizens to participate in the celebrations from the comfort of their homes. These virtual events often include live-streamed performances, interactive activities, and even virtual fireworks displays, ensuring that the spirit of National Day reaches everyone, regardless of their location.

Visit Historical Sites and Museums:

For a more reflective celebration, consider visiting some of Singapore’s historical sites and museums. The National Museum of Singapore, Fort Canning Park, and the Singapore Discovery Centre often host special exhibitions and events in conjunction with National Day, offering insights into the nation’s history and evolution. These visits can provide a deeper understanding of Singapore’s past and the milestones that have shaped its present.

Enjoy Local Cuisine:

Another delightful way to celebrate is by indulging in Singapore’s diverse culinary offerings. Whether dining out at a hawker centre or enjoying a home-cooked meal with family and friends, food is an integral part of the National Day experience. Many restaurants and food outlets also offer special National Day menus, featuring local favourites that capture the essence of Singaporean cuisine.

Singapore’s National Day is much more than an annual celebration; it is a profound reminder of the nation’s journey from its humble beginnings to its current status as a thriving global metropolis. Each year, on 9th August, Singaporeans come together to honour their shared history, celebrate their achievements, and look forward to a future filled with promise and potential.

The significance of National Day lies in its ability to unite the nation under a common identity, reinforcing the values of resilience, innovation, and unity that have been the cornerstone of Singapore’s success. The celebrations, rich with symbolism and tradition, provide an opportunity for reflection, inspiration, and a reaffirmation of the collective aspirations that will continue to guide Singapore’s path forward.

Join us for a thought-provoking conversation with renowned art expert and cultural commentator Michael Goedhuis, as he explores the relevance of Chinese and contemporary culture in today’s geopolitical landscape.

It has always been the case that the West has found it difficult to truly understand the psychology of the Chinese, even though at least from the 17th century onwards, Europe marvelled at her culture. 

Today, it’s even more critical that the foreign policies of Western governments are grounded in a fundamental appreciation of the longevity, complexity, and pertinence of Chinese society. 

In the last twenty years, there has been a real “cultural revolution” in China. This is happening in film, photography, philosophy, dance, theatre and art, and the adventurous experimentation happening in many of these fields, similar to the exceptional advances in technology, is transforming society. 

For the contemporary young generation in the West, whatever their particular academic persuasion, some understanding of China is valuable. China is the only empire that has ever come back onto the world stage. This didn’t happen with Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome, Byzantium, the Ottoman Empire or the British Empire… This is what China has done, and the ramifications of its revival will reverberate for the rest of history.

Michael has been a previous speaker, discussing ‘Chinese Ink Artists and their Value’.

Speaking on her acclaimed memoir My Families and Other Samurai, Haruka Fukuda offered a deeply moving and insightful reflection on her family’s remarkable story, interwoven with the history of modern Japan. From samurai ancestry and wartime resilience to the corridors of power in Tokyo and London, her talk captivated the audience with its blend of personal narrative and historical sweep.

In conversation, she explored themes of identity, legacy and cultural belonging – offering rare glimpses into diplomatic circles, imperial education and state visits abroad, all told with warmth and grace. The event drew a full house, with members of the Japan Society of Scotland joining us for an unforgettable evening of storytelling and reflection.

We are grateful to Haruka Fukuda for sharing her story with such elegance and candour, and to our friends at the Japan Society of Scotland for their collaboration. Following the talk, guests had the opportunity to purchase My Families and Other Samurai and meet the author in person.

Please enjoy a selection of photos from the event below.

As Southeast Asia’s largest economy and a projected top-five global economy by 2045, Indonesia presents a wealth of opportunities for Scottish businesses. With a resilient, fast-growing market and pro-growth policies, Indonesia is rapidly positioning itself as a strategic partner for international investment and collaboration—particularly in key sectors such as renewable energy, education, food & agribusiness, healthcare, fintech and professional services.

Join us for an exclusive, high-level discussion featuring Dr Desra Percaya, the Indonesian Ambassador to the UK, alongside senior decision-makers, government officials, and business leaders. This event will explore the growing opportunities between Scotland and Indonesia, offering attendees first-hand insights into the depth and potential of this dynamic bilateral partnership.

Participants will gain first-hand insights into Indonesia’s economic landscape, explore investment opportunities and forge connections that can drive long term growth in Southeast Asia.

Key Themes

• Indonesia’s Economic Landscape: Insights from Bank Indonesia and the Indonesia Investment Promotion Centre
• The Legal Perspective: Navigating Indonesia’s regulatory and business environment
• Scotland-Indonesia Relations: The role of the Scottish Government in fostering economic and cultural ties

In the wake of the sweeping “Liberation Day Tariffs” introduced by President Donald Trump, global markets, trade partners and domestic industries are grappling with a radically altered economic landscape. These tariffs — including a universal 10% duty on all imports and targeted rates as high as 145% on Chinese goods — have provoked international retaliation, disrupted supply chains, and significantly raised costs for American consumers and businesses alike.

This event will be hosted at the aptly named Library of Mistakes, where Dr Philip Luck will be in conversation with Russell Napier to provide insight into the rationale, consequences, and future trajectory of these measures. Drawing on historical experience with tariffs and trade shocks, Dr Luck will help place recent developments within a broader economic and geopolitical context.

Topics & Themes:

• Origins and Objectives – Why the tariffs were introduced and the political and legal basis behind them
• Domestic Impact – Effects on inflation, key industries, consumer prices, and business confidence
• Global Fallout – International retaliation, trade realignment, and challenges to multilateral cooperation
• Geopolitical Strategy – The role of tariffs in U.S.–China competition and broader economic nationalism
• Looking Ahead – Potential outcomes, policy reversals, and long-term implications for global trade

The Threats to Maritime Trade and the Global Economy conference saw leading experts, policymakers and industry professionals convening to discuss the pressing challenges and emerging threats to global maritime security. This comprehensive event covered a wide range of topics, including piracy, terrorism, illegal fishing, cyber threats, and geopolitical tensions affecting the world’s oceans and coastal regions.

Key Themes:

• Maritime Trade as a Strategic Lifeline
• Evolving Threats in the Maritime Domain
• Safeguarding Sea Lanes in a Volatile World
• Innovation, Industry, and Resilience
• The UK’s Role in Maritime Security

Speakers:

1. Lord George Robertson – Former Secretary General of NATO

Panel 1 – Geopolitics, Security and Strategic Vulnerabilities in the Maritime Domain

2. Professor Basil Germond – Chair in International Security, Lancaster University
3. Chris Keenan – Dean of Faculty Nautical & STEM, City of Glasgow College

Panel 2: Industry Resilience and Innovation in the Face of Maritime Disruption

4. Professor Ian Gow OBE – Chairman, Japan Society of Scotland
5. Philip Fullerton – Managing Director, Northern Marine/Stena Line